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Why Was America Taken by Surprise on 11 September 2001 Essay

Why Was America Taken by Surprise on 11 September 2001 - Essay Example The nation itself is monitored by solid resistances. With a land a...

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Power Of The Human Brain - 1278 Words

Expectations Motivate The human mind has the ultimate power and limitless potential to create results, aspiration, and knowledge. As Swami Vivekananda said, â€Å"We are responsible for what we are and whatever we wish ourselves to be, we have the power to make ourselves.† The power of the human brain is what one wants it to be. Society expects a great deal from individuals, but this is only a motivator. The influence of society and personal experiences both cause people to gain further intelligence from power of one’s brain. Individuals must utilize the power of their own brain to further advance themselves in life. Most often, people aspire to advance themselves in life through the influence of societal expectations. Society influences us to gain higher intelligence partly because of the rapid development of the education system and a higher dependence on academic proficiency. Throughout many years, the education system is rapidly advancing. While the education system is advancing, so are the expectations of student development. In the 1700’s, only young boys were allowed into the education system to prepare for Ivy League colleges. With fewer schools, students during this time did not receive a proper education. This issue caused society to not expect as much from young men and women. During this time, education was not prominent for individuals. From this predicament, a main problem arose. The illiteracy rate became a lasting problem until the 2000’s. For men in theShow MoreRelatedThe Po wer of the Human Brain Essays842 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Humans have been considered the highest form of living things on earth . This is not attributed to the fact that the human body is strong or agile , because there are multiple animals that possess strength and agility far beyond the imagination of humans . The main characteristic that distinguishes humans from all other organisms is the brain . The brain is the powerhouse of the body . However this is also the site of the mind . The mind has been said to give humans superior status overRead MoreCharles Bukowski s Poem, A Genius, And Power Of The Human Mind1513 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the human brain and disrespects the good that comes from it, yet does not hold back on describing its power. He uses dark, extreme examples to describe hidden truths in today s society. In Emily Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"[The Brain—is wider than the Sky—],† she talks about the power of the human brain, complimenting and respecting it to things thought to be incomparable. Bot h Dickinson’s and Bukowski’s poems show the strength and power of the human mind, but their views on what the brain accomplishesRead MoreTechnology And The Computer System760 Words   |  4 PagesThe brain has the capacity to recall information that was forgotten for a long space of time, regardless of deleted information; the brain experiences some kind of traces that leave sequel remaining in the neuron. It is the same thing that happens in the computer system after information are deleted. For instance, after an address is programmed on the GPS to retrieve and lead to a destination, the information is automatically encoded and released to track the direction leading to the desired addressRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Searle s Chinese Room 1487 Words   |  6 PagesJohnson Lai (400014979) TA: Andrew Lavigne Philos 1E03 Searle s Chinese Room The Turing Test is a test described by Alan Turing to define whether a robot has indistinguishable human intelligence or behaviour. John Searle attempts to disprove the theory of the Turing Test through his Chinese Room thought experiment. In this experiment, Searle proposes that a man unwittingly communicates to a native speaker through the use of a program. Searle presents the prepositions that artificial intelligenceRead MoreCommon Criminal Tendencies1558 Words   |  6 Pagesattempting to change human behavior. Murder is one of the biggest why questions; why did he kill her or why attack innocent children. We never know what is the problem; is it revenge, is it jealousy, are they psychopaths? Criminal Tendencies consist on three main topics, emotions, control, mental illness; of the three mental illness is most potent. Mental illness isnt only based on your brain, is more than that, is the way our brain send signals to our bodies. Our brain is the main power source of ourRead MoreThe Criminal Psycology1046 Words   |  4 Pagessociety in past years until today, we hear about kidnaping, rape and murder. All these are horrible things that are going on in our world today. We’ve tried to decrease these crimes in our society reaching out to the people and attempting to change human behavior. Murder is one of the biggest why questions; why did he kill her or why attack innocent children. We never know what is the problem; is it revenge, is it jealousy, are they psychopaths? The answer in never clear, the questions are so vagueRead MoreA Robotic Body Via Remote Neuron Detectors1438 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific advances, rat brain cells have been extracted and then grown independently of a body. These cells have been used to control a robotic body via remote neuron detectors. The researcher l eading the study, Kevin Warwick, is confident that as technology progresses, the size of these human-created biological brains will increase dramatically, soon reaching the level of approximately 60 percent of a human brain (Warwick 230). This indicates the possibility of eventual human brain transplant to a roboticRead MoreA Critical Evaluation Between Technology And The Human Brain1467 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial Intelligence: A critical evaluation between Technology and the Human brain Humans are continuously trying to develop a technology that will give artificial intelligence to machines (Gupta, 2013). People have been comparing the human brain to different technologies such as computers and smart devices. Recent years have seen an explosion in mobile web use (Entertainment close-up, 2013). Most devices and apps are capable of completing multiple tasks such as; entertainment, communication,Read MoreWhat are Optical Illusions? Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesreality.† (Eifrig, 2014, n.p.). There are so many different types of optical illusions in which play with the brains of people. Optical illusions are normal because the majority of humans experience them. Humans’ vision tries its best to figure out what is happening to the picture, which then creates an image contradicting reality. Sometimes illusions can be entertaining because it fools the brain and one tries to figure out the image shown. Illusions cannot only be in a form of art but sometimes it happensRead MoreMusic, Memories, And The Brain Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesas it does today, many researchers focus their work on understanding the effects of music on the brain. In the podcast entitled Music, Memories, and the Brain, Steve Mencher interviews Dr. Petr Janata to find out more about how music is associated with human memories. Janata works in the psychology department at the University of California, in Davis, California. Janata’s research suggests that humans unintentionally store and create a soundtrack to their memories. Throughout the podcast, Mencher

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Anorexia Nervosa Is A Serious Eating Disorder That Affects...

â€Å"Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder that affects women and men of all ages. It’s characterized by three key features: refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image† (Smith Segal, 2016). Individuals with this disorder do not have healthy eating habits, most often not eating at all. They will starve themselves, excessively exercise, eat very little, purge at random times, and/or throw up their food following their â€Å"meal†. Anorexia can arise from a multitude of reasons from biological to environmental factors, depending on the individual. Although, almost all of the people who acquire it share a common issue of having low self-esteem. Having anorexia affects your whole body. Normal bodily functions will stop and everything will start shutting down slowly. Norms are certain actions or ways of life that are considered to be â€Å"normal† and practiced by the majority of society; they a re basically unwritten â€Å"rules† of society. Those with anorexia are violating morals and norms by not eating, starving themselves, pretending to eat, throwing up after eating, dieting when not necessary/over-dieting, losing â€Å"too† much weight, being â€Å"too† skinny, constant un-satisfaction and/or obsession with self-body image, etc. All of these behaviors are considered unusual to most of society and are not practiced by average/healthy human beings who maintain their body weight and eating habits. I believe this type of deviance serves asShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders Are A Serious Issue People Face914 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders Eating disorders are a serious issue people face in our society. A study put on the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, Involved 9,282 individuals. In this study, they resulted in 0.9% of women and 0.3% of men are suffering from anorexia nervosa,1.5% of women and 0.5%of men are suffering from bulimia, and 3.5% of women and 2.0% of men are suffering from binge eating. Anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating all differentiate but are detrimental to bodily functions. In which caseRead MoreEating Disorders Are Serious Mental Illnesses That Are Not A Choice1535 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders are serious mental illnesses that are not a choice. Eating disorders can affect people of any age and are characterized by concerns with body weight and irregular eating habits. There are many different kinds of eating disorders, but the cause of them is not completely known. The symptoms of eating disorders include obsession with food, appearance, and weight. There are ways to cope with and treat eating disorders with the help of a therapist that is specially trained in eating disordersRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1496 Words   |  6 PagesAn eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amount of food, but as some point, the urge to eat less or more has gotten out of control. Severe distress or concern about body weight or shape may also signal an eating disorder. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and a binge-eatingRead MoreHow Are Eating Disorders Affecting Our Health?907 Words   |  4 PagesHow are eating disorders affecting our health? An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating (NIMH, Eating Disorders). Eati ng disorders start when the mind conjures up a nonrealistic conception of their own body. Disorders can be acquired through numerous ways such as; genetics, neurological transmitters in the brain, personality, social and environmental factors, stress, and most commonlyRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1303 Words   |  6 Pagesof men and women all try to live up to this vision of absolute perfection within our physical appearances. The desire to be thin becomes an obsession and girls will view thinness as something you have to achieve. Most girls’ will try all different kinds of diets and exercise compulsively. The obsession over girls’ appearances and weight has lead to an increasing number of cases of eating disorders. According to a National Institute of Mental Health article (Eating Disorders, 2016), an eating disorderRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders: Deterioration of the Mind By: Genevieve Narkiewicz Advance Placement Psychology Mr.Cuetara May 4th, 2015 Abstract Eating disorders are in no way, to be considered â€Å"no big deal†. It affects the lives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale and dry skin, and even failingRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa- Eating Disorder1685 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of anorexia are mostly seen on the outside of the victim’s body, but do not be fooled. This detrimental eating disorder affects one’s mind just as much as it would the body. What Anorexia does to the mind is that it distorts the way one views their body. Victims of anorexia become fixated on their body image and overly critical about their flaws and weight. Even being obviously underweight, Anorexics will continuously deny that they have a problem and continue with their fatal practices.Read More Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimi a Nervosa Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Body Image† Eating Disorders are a range of mental health problems. People that suffer from an eating disorder find their relationships, daily activities and basic health is affected. All ages and sexes can suffer. But eating disorders, such as Bulimia Nervosa or Anorexia Nervosa, are generally found in adolescent girls and young women. Anorexia Nervosa affects less than one percent of adolescent girls and young women, whereas, Bulimia Nervosa affects two percent. Approximately five percent ofRead MoreEating Disorders And The Media799 Words   |  4 Pages Eating Disorders and Their Relationship to Images in the Media: Anorexia and Bulimia People around the world are suffering from different eating disorders. Some people simply can’t stop eating which causes overweight. Others, controversially, don’t eat at all causing themselves to end up with hardly treatable eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. Such eating disorders are mainly caused by the mass media including advertisements, magazines television and internet. In today s existenceRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Its Effects On Society1514 Words   |  7 Pagescurrently suffering from Anorexia. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which people suffering drastically restrict food intake due to an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. There has been an unfortunate increase in people suffering from Anorexia Nervosa over the past several decades. Anorexia can be caused by a combination of social, interpersonal, and psychological factors that must be resolved through treatment. Anorexia is an extremely dangerous disorder th at results in death

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Trends in Classroom Management Free Essays

Current Trends in Classroom Management Classroom DisciplineWong’s Pragmatic ClassroomKagan, Kyle, and Scott’s Win-Win DisciplineMorrish’s Real Discipline Strengths†¢Wong’s approach â€Å"pragmatic† where it is â€Å"built from practical ideas† pieced together from multiple sources (Charles, 2008, pg. 130). This theory does not fit with cookie cutter classrooms and can be modified to fit the teacher, content, or student group. We will write a custom essay sample on Trends in Classroom Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢Encourages the idea that â€Å"discipline problems† will â€Å"largely disappear† when the classroom management is in check (Charles, 2008, pg. 0). †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Rules of behavior set limits† where they â€Å"create a work-oriented atmosphere† (Charles, 2008, pg. 133). Behavior issues are simply violations of procedure and have specific and logical consequences that were clearly laid out on the first day of school. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Student needs† are strongly represented were the â€Å"primary goal† is to â€Å"help students develop long-term, self-managed responsibility. †¢Encourages a spirit of teamwork between the teacher and student where the end result is where â€Å"students manage themselves responsibly† (Charles, 2008, pg. 151). A precursor to Kagan’s win-win strategy because it â€Å"teaches students right from wrong,† high expectations of adult authority, â€Å"and encourages them to make choices about behavior that are sufficiently mature and experienced to do† (Charles, 2008, pg. 227). †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"To acquire essential [behavioral norms] skills, they need supportive guidance from enlightened, caring teachers† where it does not put the teachers and students on the same plane; however, it does not completely separate them. Weaknesses†¢Requires intense planning and execution by the teacher to ensure that consistency of procedures is followed in order for this to succeed. If there needs to be a change in classroom management style in the middle of the school year, Wong gives little detail on how that should be handled. They focus heavily on the first day and first few weeks of school. †¢Sees disruptive behavior as â€Å"merely students’ ineffective attempts to meet certain unfulfilled needs† all the time (Charles, 2008, pg. 151). Where behavior issues could come from students not even trying at all. †¢Since the relationship needs to be based on the fact that the student and teacher must work together for the student to gain that responsibility, what happens when they do not gain that type of utlook? †¢This strategy may feel like an anarchy government where the students have little to no say in the classroom and their learning, where the teacher is the sole authority in the classroom. Advantages†¢States that â€Å"a well-managed classroom is task oriented and predictable† and it can be a â€Å"smoothly functioning learning environment† (Charles, 2008, pg. 132). †¢When students learn the win-win strategy, they learn life skills that can help with â€Å"developing self-management, responsibility, and other autono mous life skills† (Charles, 2008, pg. 151). Does not separate the teacher/student dynamic too much with authority and does not give the student too much power without clear expectation. Disadvantages†¢If a teacher does not the set the procedures and expectations in the classroom before the end of week two, research has shown that they will not have good classroom management †¢Procedures can seem daunting and intense and very little wiggle room for students. †¢This discipline type does not take preemptive strikes against disruptive behavior but rather â€Å"considers disruptive behavior to be a starting point† (Charles, 2008, pg. 152). This strategy may be easily confused with mistrust for their students and lowering one’s standard of expectation for the students just because of their age. Agree/Disagree†¢Solid expectations in an environment with crisp infrastructure is an idea that resonates with my strategy of teaching. †¢I do not agree with this particular strategy where it states that we should wait for students to misbehave so we can address the idea of responsibility or re-directing. I do not believe in setting up the students for failure and put my best effort forward for them to succeed on the first try, not wait for them to mess up to fix it. However, I do agree with the idea of encouraging autonomy from the students and stating that they are their bets advocates for their own education. †¢This strategy does expect high expectations from the students to follow the rules but they are not in a true in a democracy like the previous strategy. There are no unrealistic expectations of maturity level and one will expect a student to act their age. The students are not set up to fail, but have a firm teacher foundation. Resource Center: Charles, C. M. (2008). Builidng Classroom Discipline (9thth ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Retrieved November 13, 2012 How to cite Trends in Classroom Management, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Global Business Simulation Strategy

Question: What is the strategic management? Give a brief review ofGlobal Business Simulation Strategy. Answer: Executive Summary The study has provided an in-depth understanding on the importance of strategic management for the growth of a business. Global business simulation strategy helps to educate the marketing students for designing an effective strategy and policy to reach the business goal. In this particular report, the importance of three business level strategy has been pointed out. The three overarching terms are inseparably related to each other. Crystal Clear has been selected as the chosen company. This particular company primarily deals with digital camera. In order to expand their brand in the market different business strategies have been decided to follow. The organizational leadership style has also been pointed out here. At the end, some of the necessary recommendations have been provided for the betterment of Crystal Clear. Introduction: Global business simulation strategy game is a business simulation game based on which the management and marketing students can develop their global business skill. Started in the year 2008, this particular game primarily aimed to educate the management student regarding the various pathways of business strategies. Before the initiation of Glo-Bus business strategy game had been started first in the year 1990. The primary objective of business strategy game is to concentrate on the designing of production, marketing strategy, cash flow as well as finance and so many. However, the company that has been chosen is Crystal Clear occupying a predominant place among top global companies. At the very first stage, the main objective of the company was to acquire one of the largest market shares for digital camera. After establishing their brand, the company intended to shift to a new strategy. Providing a high quality product by maintaining competitive price was the second goal. Finally, the foremost and the supreme goal that Crystal Clear wanted to achieve was to become a threat for the competitor. Burst and Co Fantastic Digital is the main competitor of Crystal Clear. Therefore, this particular company intended to surpass the effective market strategy of Burst. The entire journey was not very smooth. We the members of Crystal Clear did numerous mistakes while making effective strategies for the business purpose. After more than six years, the business members of this particular organization came to understand their mistakes one by one. 1. Definition of three-strategy level Three-strategy level is constituted with three major factors that include corporate, business and finally functional. The primary objective of corporate strategy is to focus on what particular businesses an organization should start in or intends to start in. As per this particular direction, the organization likes to proceed. With the help of corporate strategy business organization likes to choose a selected industry based on which they intend to proceed or develop their business (Eden and Ackermann 2013). While establishing Crystal Clear we the business members wanted to apply corporate strategy in order to make sure what particular industry or sector would be suitable for us to conduct and control the entire process. With the help of business strategy, the business experts can understand the ways for an organization for competing each of its businesses. Finally functional business strategy helps to evaluate how to influence the functional level of various departments. For an exam ple, while maintaining an marketing organization the business experts should concentrate on customer service department and advertising department as well. More specifically, Crystal Clear in order to expand their business in market aims to concentrate for satisfying the needs and demands of the customers primarily (Evans, Stonehouse and Campbell 2012). In addition, the advertising department tried to enhance their promotional activities in order to reach the target customers. 2. How the three strategies are interrelated to each other Corporate strategy, business strategy and functional strategy are interrelated to each other. In order to make an effective functional strategy, the business organization has to plan a corporate strategy first (Vogel and Gttel 2013). With the help of corporate strategy, the company would be able to understand what particular sector the business exerts should focus to enhance their business. As per the business style and process, the departments have been selected. After the segregating various departments, the businesspersons like to focus on the functional level of various department (Grunig 2013). As per the goal of business strategy, the company would be able to know how a particular organization should compete in its various businesses. The company would fix their business strategy only when the business experts would be very much confirmed about the business goal. Therefore, the three consecutive strategies are inseparably related to each other. Without determining the corporate strategy, the functional strategy means nothing for a business organization. The same process goes for business strategy as well. 3. Identifying the business strategy of my company While determining the business strategy of Crystal Clear for spreading the product on market, we primarily concentrated on several factors that include purchases from suppliers, technology, operation, sales market, distribution and finally services (Swayne, Duncan and Ginter 2012). Digital camera was the chosen brand for this company. In order to create a demand in the market, we had concentrated on the business strategy to draw the attention of the customers (Hair et al. 2012). The materials that would be purchased from the suppliers should have a reliability and authenticity. With the amalgamation of quality product and advanced technology, the brand of Crystal Clear would be able to establish a new position in the sales market. If the brand can create a demand on market, it would be easier for the businessperson to distribute the product to the target areas. 4. Outline how my company used functional strategies to support the business level strategy In order to support the business level strategy, this particular organization has made an effective functional plan in order to influence the functional level of every department of Crystal Clear. As per the functional strategy, the marketing managers of this particular organization are allowed to make an effective market survey for acquiring knowledge about the competitors market strategy (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). As per the market survey report, it has been observed that brand value strategy has been maintained as an effective strategy of Burst and Co and Fantastic digital. In order to throw a challenge towards burst, Crystal Clear has decided to follow Cost leadership strategy. Reducing the product cost, the company has decided to draw the attention of customers. Therefore, this particular strategy can render a competitive advantage for the organization like crystal Clear by making a threat or its competitor. In addition, in order to get a satisfactory response from the su perior customers, the organization has concentrated on their promotional activities more effectively (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). By utilizing the popularity of media, the company would be able to draw the attention of a huge number of customers from different geographical boundaries. 5. What should be the role of CEO while taking a business decision As per the organizational culture, ethics, values and beliefs the management intends to follows participative leadership style at the workplace (Stead, and Stead 2013). The team members of each team have been treated with equal respect and dignity. Leaders or employers never tend to impose their decision on the employees. The workers get immense opportunities to share their point of views regarding the business goal (Kapferer 2012). As a result, the internal communication among the team members is very co-operative. CEO provides enough scope to share any point of view to the employees. As a result, before making an effective strategy, Crystal Clear likes to conduct a group discussion with the team members that helps the employers to take an effective decision at the right time (Lasserre 2012). The team members like to make an effective communication with each other. Employers allow the employees to share any personal problem at the workplace. By conducting an effective meeting at the weekend, the CEO of this organization like to conduct an effective interpersonal communication with every employee. As a result, workers do not have to face any difficulties to adjust with the work environment of Crystal Clear. 6. What should be the recommendation to increase the engagement of the students with the games in future In order to increase the business level as well as the strategy some of the recommendation can be provided for the better of the company like Crystal Clear. Before planning any market strategy, the organization should conduct an effective situational as well as environmental analysis. The situation analysis would help the organization to have an in-depth knowledge about the competitors rhythm of business (Rahm and Riha 2012). Moreover, Crystal Clear should emphasize on promotion more strongly in order to expand their business in the internal field. Currently, new media is one of the major pathways to reach the brand to the doorstep of international consumers. Therefore, with the help of social media, public forum, official websites the business experts would be able to collect a direct feedback from the target consumers. As per the response of the target consumers, the organization should plan an effective strategy for market. Conclusion: Instead of choosing three level strategies for the development of a business like Crystal Clear, organization should be specific regarding a particular business level strategy. For the company like crystal Clear, the business experts may follow functional strategy as their major pathway for business expansion. With the help of functional strategy, business organization would like to focus on every specific department. As a result, Crystal Clear would be able to spread their product widely. While maintaining the high quality product strategy, the company would have to focus on profit planning method as well. In order to compete the upcoming competitors, the organization should not take an immediate step in such a way that it can ultimately hampers the entire plan and progress of business. This particular study has focused to highlight the importance of strategic market planning for the expansion of a business organization like Crystal clear. Reference List: Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013. Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor Francis. Grunig, J.E., 2013. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Pieper, T.M. and Ringle, C.M., 2012. The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in strategic management research: a review of past practices and recommendations for future applications. Long range planning, 45(5), pp.320-340. Hill, C., Jones, G. and Schilling, M., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R., 2012. Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Kapferer, J.N., 2012. The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lasserre, P., 2012. Global strategic management. Palgrave Macmillan. Rahm, B.G. and Riha, S.J., 2012. Toward strategic management of shale gas development: Regional, collective impacts on water resources. Environmental Science Policy, 17, pp.12-23. Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2013. Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe. Swayne, L.E., Duncan, W.J. and Ginter, P.M., 2012. Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons. Vogel, R. and Gttel, W.H., 2013. The dynamic capability view in strategic management: a bibliometric review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(4), pp.426-446.